Element Reference¶
Passives¶
-
resistor
(r)¶ Creates a resistor obeying Ohm’s law.
Parameters: r – Resistance in Ohm Pins:
1
,2
-
capacitor
(c)¶ Creates a capacitor.
Parameters: c – Capacitance in Farad Pins:
1
,2
-
inductor
(l)¶ Creates an inductor.
Parameters: l – Inductance in Henri Pins:
1
,2
-
inductor
(Val{:JA}; D, A, n, a, α, c, k, Ms) Creates a non-linear inductor based on the Jiles-Atherton model of magnetization assuming a toroidal core thin compared to its diameter.
Parameters: - D – Torus diameter (in meters)
- A – Torus cross-sectional area (in square-meters)
- n – Winding’s number of turns
- a – Shape parameter of the anhysteretic magnetization curve (in Ampere-per-meter)
- α – Inter-domain coupling
- c – Ratio of the initial normal to the initial anhysteretic differential susceptibility
- k – amount of hysteresis (in Ampere-per-meter)
- Ms – saturation magnetization (in Ampere-per-meter)
A detailed discussion of the paramters can be found in D. C. Jiles and D. L. Atherton, “Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 61, no. 1–2, pp. 48–60, Sep. 1986 and J. H. B. Deane, “Modeling the dynamics of nonlinear inductor circuits,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 2795–2801, 1994, where the definition of
c
is taken from the latter.Pins:
1
,2
-
transformer
(l1, l2; [coupling_coefficient=1,] [mutual_coupling=coupling_coefficient*sqrt(l1*l2)])¶ Creates a transformer with two windings having inductances.
Parameters: - l1 – Primary self-inductance in Henri
- l2 – Secondary self-inductance in Henri
- coupling_coefficient – Coupling coefficient (0 is not coupled, 1 is closely coupled)
- mutual_coupling – Mutual inductance in Henri; overrides
coupling_coefficient
if both are given
Pins:
1
and2
for primary winding,3
and4
for secondary winding
-
transformer
(Val{:JA}; D, A, ns, a, α, c, k, Ms) Creates a non-linear transformer based on the Jiles-Atherton model of magnetization assuming a toroidal core thin compared to its diameter.
Parameters: - D – Torus diameter (in meters)
- A – Torus cross-sectional area (in square-meters)
- ns – Windings’ number of turns as a vector with one entry per winding
- a – Shape parameter of the anhysteretic magnetization curve (in Ampere-per-meter)
- α – Inter-domain coupling
- c – Ratio of the initial normal to the initial anhysteretic differential susceptibility
- k – amount of hysteresis (in Ampere-per-meter)
- Ms – saturation magnetization (in Ampere-per-meter)
A detailed discussion of the parameters can be found in D. C. Jiles and D. L. Atherton, “Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 61, no. 1–2, pp. 48–60, Sep. 1986 and J. H. B. Deane, “Modeling the dynamics of nonlinear inductor circuits,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 2795–2801, 1994, where the definition of
c
is taken from the latter.Pins:
1
and2
for primary winding,3
and4
for secondary winding, and so on
Independent Sources¶
-
voltagesource
([v])¶ Creates a voltage source.
Parameters: v – Source voltage in Volt. If omitted, the source voltage will be an input of the circuit. Pins:
+
and-
withv
being measured from+
to-
-
currentsource
([i])¶ Creates a current source.
Parameters: i – Source current in Ampere. If omitted, the source current will be an input of the circuit. Pins:
+
and-
wherei
measures the current leaving source at the+
pin
Probes¶
-
voltageprobe
()¶ Creates a voltage probe, provding the measured voltage as a circuit output.
Pins:
+
and-
with the output voltage being measured from+
to-
-
currentprobe
()¶ Creates a current probe, provding the measured current as a circuit output.
Pins:
+
and-
with the output current being the current entering the probe at+
Semiconductors¶
-
diode
(;[is=1e-12,] [η = 1])¶ Creates a diode obeying Shockley’s law where is fixed at 25 mV.
Parameters: - is – Reverse saturation current in Ampere
- η – Emission coefficient
-
bjt
(typ; is=1e-12, η=1, isc=is, ise=is, ηc=η, ηe=η, βf=1000, βr=10)¶ Creates a bipolar junction transistor obeying the Ebers-Moll equation
where is fixed at 25 mV.
Parameters: - typ – Either
:npn
or:pnp
, depending on desired transistor type - is – Reverse saturation current in Ampere
- η – Emission coefficient
- isc – Collector reverse saturation current in Ampere (overriding
is
) - ise – Emitter reverse saturation current in Ampere (overriding
is
) - ηc – Collector emission coefficient (overriding
η
) - ηe – Emitter emission coefficient (overriding
η
) - βf – Forward current gain
- βr – Reverse current gain
- typ – Either
Integrated Circuits¶
-
opamp
()¶ Creates an ideal operational amplifier. It enforces the voltage between the input pins to be zero without sourcing any current while sourcing arbitrary current on the output pins wihtout restricting their voltage.
Note that the opamp has two output pins, one of which will typically be connected to a ground node and has to provide the current sourced on the other output pin.
Pins:
in+
andin-
for input,out+
andout-
for output
-
opamp
(Val{:macak}, gain, vomin, vomax) Creates a clipping operational amplifier where input and output voltage are related by
The input current is zero, the output current is arbitrary.
Note that the opamp has two output pins, one of which will typically be connected to a ground node and has to provide the current sourced on the other output pin.
Pins:
in+
andin-
for input,out+
andout-
for output